> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://www.mica.wtf/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://www.mica.wtf/data-act/chapter-iii-obligations-for-data-holders-obliged-by-union-law-to-make-data-available-art.-8-12/12.md).

# Art. 12 — Scope of obligations for data holders obliged pursuant to Union law to make data available

Data Act Article 12 — Scope of obligations for data holders obliged pursuant to Union law to make data available. Regulation (EU) 2023/2854, Chapter III — Obligations for data holders obliged by Union

1. This Chapter shall apply where, in business-to-business relations, a [data holder](https://headlesslaw.com/definitions/data-act/data-holder/) is obliged under [Article 5](/data-act/chapter-ii-business-to-consumer-and-business-to-business-data-sharing-art.-3-7/5.md) or under applicable Union law or national legislation adopted in accordance with Union law, to make data available to a [data recipient](https://headlesslaw.com/definitions/data-act/data-recipient/).
2. A contractual term in a data sharing agreement which, to the detriment of one party, or, where applicable, to the detriment of the user, excludes the application of this Chapter, derogates from it, or varies its effect, shall not be binding on that party.


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