Overview
This page is a cross-jurisdiction index. Action detail lives under the issuing authority's enforcement folder; this page links to those records and does not duplicate the per-authority pages.
Authority
EU and national competent authorities
Jurisdiction
European Union and EU/EEA Member States
Snapshot date
2026-06-24
Coverage
Public-source desk sweep; not a live enforcement feed
All Published Actions
BaFin
Germany
Offshore exchange domains (6)
2024-2025
Perimeter action
n/a
Unregistered/unauthorised activity; perimeter enforcement Article 59 MiCA; Article 62 MiCA
Blocked access to six offshore exchange domains targeting German users without CASP authorisation.
BaFin
Germany
Crypto ATM operators
Aug 2024
Perimeter action
n/a
Unauthorised activity; AML/ML risk money laundering; terrorist financing; Article 59 MiCA; Article 62 MiCA
Secured 13 crypto ATMs as part of a Germany-wide operation against unauthorised crypto ATM activity; BaFin's annual report cites the action and the associated money-laundering risk.
CBI
Ireland
Coinbase Europe Ltd
6 Nov 2025 (settlement 5 Nov 2025; High Court confirmed 12 Jan 2026)
Fine
EUR 21,464,734
AML/CFT - transaction monitoring system configuration; STR reporting; ICT/outsourcing of transaction monitoring money laundering; terrorist financing; Article 68 MiCA
Faults in the configuration of its transaction-monitoring system left 30,442,437 transactions (EUR 176bn, approximately 31% of volume) unmonitored over a 12-month period; retrospective monitoring took almost 3 years and yielded 2,708 STRs to the FIU. Violations ran from 23 Apr 2021 to 19 Mar 2025.
DNB
Netherlands
Binance
2022 (reported)
Fine
EUR 3,325,000
Unregistered activity / market entry; AML registration regime money laundering; terrorist financing; Article 59 MiCA; Article 62 MiCA
Operated in the Netherlands, including crypto transactions, wallets, and financial services, without the required DNB registration.
DNB
Netherlands
Coinbase Europe Ltd
Decision 18 Jan 2023
Fine
EUR 3,325,000
Unregistered activity / market entry; AML registration regime money laundering; terrorist financing; Article 59 MiCA; Article 62 MiCA
Provided crypto services in the Netherlands without the legally required DNB registration until 22 Sep 2022 under the Dutch AML/CTF Act (Wwft).
DNB
Netherlands
Crypto.com (Foris DAX)
Disclosed Mar 2024 (active in NL May 2020-Nov 2022)
Fine
EUR 2,850,000
Unregistered activity / market entry; AML registration regime money laundering; terrorist financing; Article 59 MiCA; Article 62 MiCA
Provided crypto services without DNB registration; base fine EUR 2M raised by EUR 850K for severity and duration. DNB's primary page is anonymised; secondary reporting identifies the provider as Crypto.com / Foris DAX.
EBA
European Union
28 Jul 2025
Opinion
n/a
AML/CFT systems and controls; governance; senior-management integrity; transaction monitoring; CDD; sanctions screening; self-hosted wallets money laundering; terrorist financing; self-hosted address; ToFR Article 23; Article 68 MiCA
Opinion and report on ML/TF risks: competent authorities found CASPs often lacked effective AML/CFT systems and controls; concerns also covered senior-management integrity, governance transparency and adequacy, licensing or registration avoidance, transaction monitoring, CDD, sanctions screening, RegTech weaknesses, crypto-fiat conversion, and self-hosted wallets.
EBA
European Union
4 Jul 2024
Guideline
n/a
Travel Rule; crypto transfers; missing or incomplete originator-beneficiary information; ML/TF risk factors; self-hosted wallets; restrictive-measures controls money laundering; terrorist financing; ToFR Article 14; ToFR Article 16; ToFR Article 17; self-hosted address; ToFR Article 23; Article 68 MiCA
Travel Rule guidelines specify the information accompanying crypto transfers and steps to detect missing or incomplete originator-beneficiary information; related CASP ML/TF risk-factor guidance covers blockchain analytics, anonymity-enhancing features, self-hosted wallets and decentralised platforms.
ESMA
European Union
10 Jul 2025
Peer review
n/a
CASP authorisation; governance; conflicts of interest; ICT/custody; AML/CFT; DeFi/Web3 exposure money laundering; terrorist financing; Article 59 MiCA; Article 62 MiCA; Article 68 MiCA
Fast-track peer review found the MFSA partially meeting expectations on a CASP authorisation process and cited unresolved material issues, including prior and pending enforcement history, business-plan growth, conflicts, governance, ICT/custody/Web3, and AML/CFT controls.
ESMA
European Union
17 Apr 2026
Statement
n/a
Transitional periods; unauthorised activity; wind-down planning; AML/CFT/KYC client migration money laundering; terrorist financing; Article 59 MiCA; Article 62 MiCA
Statement on the end of MiCA transitional periods: 1 Jul 2026 is the EU-wide deadline with no grace period, unauthorised CASPs need immediately executable wind-down plans, and authorised CASPs taking migrated clients must run fresh AML/CFT/KYC checks.
ESMA
European Union
26 Feb 2025
Guideline
n/a
Reverse solicitation; unauthorised activity; perimeter enforcement; online and social-media marketing Article 59 MiCA; Article 62 MiCA
Guidelines read the reverse-solicitation exemption narrowly, treat broad EU-facing marketing and promotion as solicitation, require records proving exclusive client initiative, and expect NCAs to monitor online and social-media activity for EU indicators.
ESMA
European Union
31 Jan 2025
Statement
n/a
CASP authorisation; ML/TF risk; governance; outsourcing; fit-and-proper; business plan; notifications money laundering; terrorist financing; Article 59 MiCA; Article 62 MiCA; Article 68 MiCA; Article 83 MiCA
Supervisory briefing on CASP authorisation: no cursory low-risk assessments, generally high ML/TF risks, and higher scrutiny for large CASPs, complex groups, governance, outsourcing, fit-and-proper, business-plan realism, and notifications.
FCIS
Lithuania
Payeer UAB
10 Jul 2024
Fine
EUR 9,300,000
Sanctions / restrictive-measures compliance; AML/CFT money laundering; terrorist financing; ToFR Article 23; Article 68 MiCA
Record fine for violation of international sanctions and AML legislation.
FIAU
Malta
OKCoin Europe Ltd (OKX)
1 Apr 2025 (publication notice 3 Apr 2025; on-site exam Apr 2023)
Fine
EUR 1,054,269
AML/CFT - business-wide risk assessment, transaction monitoring money laundering; terrorist financing
Administrative penalty and follow-up directive for AML/CFT control failures, including business risk assessment, customer risk assessment, ongoing monitoring and enhanced due diligence deficiencies.
MFSA
Malta
OKCoin Europe Ltd (OKX)
Settled Jan 2024
Fine
EUR 304,000
Governance arrangements; conduct/regulatory compliance Article 68 MiCA
Settled investigation into failings under Article 41 of the Virtual Financial Assets Act; measures included appointment of an independent third party to review governance.
Method And Coverage
This page is a cross-jurisdiction index. Action detail lives under the issuing authority's enforcement folder; this page links to those records and does not duplicate the per-authority pages.
Coverage is skewed toward headline fines, perimeter action, and EU-body supervisory publications because those signals are more visible in public sources.
Coverage Caveats
DNB Binance is verified against DNB's Dutch-language enforcement page; the English annual-report discussion was used only as context.
DNB Foris DAX / Crypto.com is published with caution: DNB's primary page confirms an anonymised crypto-service-provider fine and amount, while secondary reporting identifies the provider as Crypto.com / Foris DAX.
AMF Enforcement Committee fines surfaced in search, including a EUR 4,150,000 multi-respondent decision for dissemination of false/misleading information and price manipulation, were not confirmed to concern crypto-assets specifically and are excluded to avoid mis-attribution.
AMF crypto enforcement in 2024-2025 is predominantly perimeter/blacklist action rather than monetary sanctions on registered PSAN/CASPs.
No verified DNB/AFM monetary fine against Bitvavo was found.
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