> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://www.mica.wtf/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://www.mica.wtf/eu-level/enforcement/enforcement.md).
# Overview
| | |
| ----------------- | ----------------------------------------------------- |
| **Authority** | EU and national competent authorities |
| **Jurisdiction** | European Union and EU/EEA Member States |
| **Snapshot date** | 2026-06-24 |
| **Coverage** | Public-source desk sweep; not a live enforcement feed |
### All Published Actions
| Authority | Jurisdiction | Action | Date | Type | Amount | Obligation area | Summary | Source |
| --------- | -------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------- | -------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| BaFin | Germany | [Offshore exchange domains (6)](broken://pages/loeP0SxF6c8HnGmnitVG) | 2024-2025 | Perimeter action | n/a | Unregistered/unauthorised activity; perimeter enforcement
Article 59 MiCA; Article 62 MiCA
| Blocked access to six offshore exchange domains targeting German users without CASP authorisation. | [Source](https://www.bafin.de/EN/Aufsicht/MiCAR/MiCAR_node_en.html) |
| BaFin | Germany | [Crypto ATM operators](broken://pages/kBbd78947UJukIPGF59K) | Aug 2024 | Perimeter action | n/a | Unauthorised activity; AML/ML risk
money laundering; terrorist financing; Article 59 MiCA; Article 62 MiCA
| Secured 13 crypto ATMs as part of a Germany-wide operation against unauthorised crypto ATM activity; BaFin's annual report cites the action and the associated money-laundering risk. | [Source](https://www.bafin.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/EN/Jahresbericht/dl_jb_2024_en.pdf?__blob=publicationFile\&v=3) |
| CBI | Ireland | [Coinbase Europe Ltd](broken://pages/JXuH2WhFEpnRWCySFcCj) | 6 Nov 2025 (settlement 5 Nov 2025; High Court confirmed 12 Jan 2026) | Fine | EUR 21,464,734 | AML/CFT - transaction monitoring system configuration; STR reporting; ICT/outsourcing of transaction monitoring
money laundering; terrorist financing; Article 68 MiCA
| Faults in the configuration of its transaction-monitoring system left 30,442,437 transactions (EUR 176bn, approximately 31% of volume) unmonitored over a 12-month period; retrospective monitoring took almost 3 years and yielded 2,708 STRs to the FIU. Violations ran from 23 Apr 2021 to 19 Mar 2025. | [Source](https://www.centralbank.ie/news/article/press-release-enforcement-action-against-coinbase-europe-limited-6-November-2025) |
| DNB | Netherlands | [Binance](broken://pages/VvH4Ds74Zkzn8KhNr8Fr) | 2022 (reported) | Fine | EUR 3,325,000 | Unregistered activity / market entry; AML registration regime
money laundering; terrorist financing; Article 59 MiCA; Article 62 MiCA
| Operated in the Netherlands, including crypto transactions, wallets, and financial services, without the required DNB registration. | [Source](https://www.dnb.nl/algemeen-nieuws/handhavingsmaatregel-2022/boete-voor-binance-holdings-ltd-vanwege-het-zonder-de-wettelijk-vereiste-registratie-aanbieden-van-cryptodiensten/) |
| DNB | Netherlands | [Coinbase Europe Ltd](broken://pages/3vvqzMa1FB0pSbLepTK1) | Decision 18 Jan 2023 | Fine | EUR 3,325,000 | Unregistered activity / market entry; AML registration regime
money laundering; terrorist financing; Article 59 MiCA; Article 62 MiCA
| Provided crypto services in the Netherlands without the legally required DNB registration until 22 Sep 2022 under the Dutch AML/CTF Act (Wwft). | [Source](https://www.dnb.nl/en/general-news/enforcement-measures-2023/dnb-imposes-administrative-fine-on-coinbase-europe-limited-for-providing-crypto-services-without-the-legally-required-registration-until-22-september-2022/) |
| DNB | Netherlands | [Crypto.com (Foris DAX)](broken://pages/8QcL9in2XJr2noUepnjy) | Disclosed Mar 2024 (active in NL May 2020-Nov 2022) | Fine | EUR 2,850,000 | Unregistered activity / market entry; AML registration regime
money laundering; terrorist financing; Article 59 MiCA; Article 62 MiCA
| Provided crypto services without DNB registration; base fine EUR 2M raised by EUR 850K for severity and duration. DNB's primary page is anonymised; secondary reporting identifies the provider as Crypto.com / Foris DAX. | [Source](https://www.dnb.nl/en/general-news/enforcement-measures-2026/fine-for-crypto-service-provider-for-offering-crypto-services-in-the-netherlands-without-the-legally-required-registration/) |
| EBA | European Union | [CASPs and AML/CFT competent authorities](/eu-level/enforcement/eba/eba-ml-tf-risks-opinion-report-2025.md) | 28 Jul 2025 | Opinion | n/a | AML/CFT systems and controls; governance; senior-management integrity; transaction monitoring; CDD; sanctions screening; self-hosted wallets
money laundering; terrorist financing; self-hosted address; ToFR Article 23; Article 68 MiCA
| Opinion and report on ML/TF risks: competent authorities found CASPs often lacked effective AML/CFT systems and controls; concerns also covered senior-management integrity, governance transparency and adequacy, licensing or registration avoidance, transaction monitoring, CDD, sanctions screening, RegTech weaknesses, crypto-fiat conversion, and self-hosted wallets. | [Source](https://www.eba.europa.eu/sites/default/files/2025-07/13ae2f94-dc04-4a50-9f24-af2808e78944/Opinion%20and%20Report%20on%20ML%20TF%20risks.pdf) |
| EBA | European Union | [CASPs, intermediary CASPs and AML/CFT supervisors](/eu-level/enforcement/eba/eba-travel-rule-and-mltf-risk-guidelines-casps-2024.md) | 4 Jul 2024 | Guideline | n/a | Travel Rule; crypto transfers; missing or incomplete originator-beneficiary information; ML/TF risk factors; self-hosted wallets; restrictive-measures controls
money laundering; terrorist financing; ToFR Article 14; ToFR Article 16; ToFR Article 17; self-hosted address; ToFR Article 23; Article 68 MiCA
| Travel Rule guidelines specify the information accompanying crypto transfers and steps to detect missing or incomplete originator-beneficiary information; related CASP ML/TF risk-factor guidance covers blockchain analytics, anonymity-enhancing features, self-hosted wallets and decentralised platforms. | [Source](https://www.eba.europa.eu/sites/default/files/2024-07/6de6e9b9-0ed9-49cd-985d-c0834b5b4356/Travel%20Rule%20Guidelines.pdf) |
| ESMA | European Union | [MFSA / Malta CASP authorisation file](/eu-level/enforcement/esma/esma-malta-casp-authorisation-peer-review-2025.md) | 10 Jul 2025 | Peer review | n/a | CASP authorisation; governance; conflicts of interest; ICT/custody; AML/CFT; DeFi/Web3 exposure
money laundering; terrorist financing; Article 59 MiCA; Article 62 MiCA; Article 68 MiCA
| Fast-track peer review found the MFSA partially meeting expectations on a CASP authorisation process and cited unresolved material issues, including prior and pending enforcement history, business-plan growth, conflicts, governance, ICT/custody/Web3, and AML/CFT controls. | [Source](https://www.esma.europa.eu/sites/default/files/2025-07/ESMA42-2004696504-8164_Fast-track_peer_review_on_a_CASP_authorisation_and_supervision_in_Malta.pdf) |
| ESMA | European Union | [Unauthorised CASPs and onboarding authorised CASPs](/eu-level/enforcement/esma/esma-mica-transitional-periods-statement-2026.md) | 17 Apr 2026 | Statement | n/a | Transitional periods; unauthorised activity; wind-down planning; AML/CFT/KYC client migration
money laundering; terrorist financing; Article 59 MiCA; Article 62 MiCA
| Statement on the end of MiCA transitional periods: 1 Jul 2026 is the EU-wide deadline with no grace period, unauthorised CASPs need immediately executable wind-down plans, and authorised CASPs taking migrated clients must run fresh AML/CFT/KYC checks. | [Source](https://www.esma.europa.eu/sites/default/files/2026-04/ESMA75-113276571-1679_Statement_on_the_end_of_transitional_periods_under_MiCA.pdf) |
| ESMA | European Union | [Third-country firms and CASPs](/eu-level/enforcement/esma/esma-reverse-solicitation-guidelines-2025.md) | 26 Feb 2025 | Guideline | n/a | Reverse solicitation; unauthorised activity; perimeter enforcement; online and social-media marketing
Article 59 MiCA; Article 62 MiCA
| Guidelines read the reverse-solicitation exemption narrowly, treat broad EU-facing marketing and promotion as solicitation, require records proving exclusive client initiative, and expect NCAs to monitor online and social-media activity for EU indicators. | [Source](https://www.esma.europa.eu/sites/default/files/2025-02/ESMA35-1872330276-2030_Guidelines_on_reverse_solicitation_under_MiCA.pdf) |
| ESMA | European Union | [National competent authorities](/eu-level/enforcement/esma/esma-casp-authorisation-supervisory-briefing-2025.md) | 31 Jan 2025 | Statement | n/a | CASP authorisation; ML/TF risk; governance; outsourcing; fit-and-proper; business plan; notifications
money laundering; terrorist financing; Article 59 MiCA; Article 62 MiCA; Article 68 MiCA; Article 83 MiCA
| Supervisory briefing on CASP authorisation: no cursory low-risk assessments, generally high ML/TF risks, and higher scrutiny for large CASPs, complex groups, governance, outsourcing, fit-and-proper, business-plan realism, and notifications. | [Source](https://www.esma.europa.eu/sites/default/files/2025-01/ESMA75-453128700-1263_Supervisory_Briefing_on_Authorisation_of_CASPs.pdf) |
| FCIS | Lithuania | [Payeer UAB](broken://pages/iIZ8oWxz2LU9EXF95Y1d) | 10 Jul 2024 | Fine | EUR 9,300,000 | Sanctions / restrictive-measures compliance; AML/CFT
money laundering; terrorist financing; ToFR Article 23; Article 68 MiCA
| Record fine for violation of international sanctions and AML legislation. | [Source](https://fntt.lrv.lt/en/press-releases/the-fcis-fines-virtual-currency-operator-a-record-fine-of-almost-93-million/) |
| FIAU | Malta | [OKCoin Europe Ltd (OKX)](broken://pages/emvThgNnRUp505UhQszR) | 1 Apr 2025 (publication notice 3 Apr 2025; on-site exam Apr 2023) | Fine | EUR 1,054,269 | AML/CFT - business-wide risk assessment, transaction monitoring
money laundering; terrorist financing
| Administrative penalty and follow-up directive for AML/CFT control failures, including business risk assessment, customer risk assessment, ongoing monitoring and enhanced due diligence deficiencies. | [Source](https://fiaumalta.org/app/uploads/2025/04/Publication-Notice_03042025-3.pdf) |
| MFSA | Malta | [OKCoin Europe Ltd (OKX)](broken://pages/Rx1zlKStDzcJMvdMbhCW) | Settled Jan 2024 | Fine | EUR 304,000 | Governance arrangements; conduct/regulatory compliance
Article 68 MiCA
| Settled investigation into failings under Article 41 of the Virtual Financial Assets Act; measures included appointment of an independent third party to review governance. | [Source](https://www.mfsa.mt/publication/regulatory-action-against-okcoin-europe-ltd-the-company/) |
### Method And Coverage
This page is a cross-jurisdiction index. Action detail lives under the issuing authority's enforcement folder; this page links to those records and does not duplicate the per-authority pages.
Coverage is skewed toward headline fines, perimeter action, and EU-body supervisory publications because those signals are more visible in public sources.
### Coverage Caveats
* DNB Binance is verified against DNB's Dutch-language enforcement page; the English annual-report discussion was used only as context.
* DNB Foris DAX / Crypto.com is published with caution: DNB's primary page confirms an anonymised crypto-service-provider fine and amount, while secondary reporting identifies the provider as Crypto.com / Foris DAX.
* AMF Enforcement Committee fines surfaced in search, including a EUR 4,150,000 multi-respondent decision for dissemination of false/misleading information and price manipulation, were not confirmed to concern crypto-assets specifically and are excluded to avoid mis-attribution.
* AMF crypto enforcement in 2024-2025 is predominantly perimeter/blacklist action rather than monetary sanctions on registered PSAN/CASPs.
* No verified DNB/AFM monetary fine against Bitvavo was found.
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