> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://www.mica.wtf/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://www.mica.wtf/definitions/gdpr/cross-border-processing.md).

# cross-border processing

Definition of cross-border processing from Regulation (EU) 2016/679, Article 4, point (23).

|                  |                                            |
| ---------------- | ------------------------------------------ |
| **Defined term** | cross-border processing                    |
| **Source**       | GDPR                                       |
| **Reference**    | Article 4, point (23)                      |
| **Status**       | Published                                  |
| **Refresh rule** | Regenerate after source legal-text changes |

## Definition

> (23) cross-border processing means either: (a) processing of personal data which takes place in the context of the activities of establishments in more than one Member State of a controller or processor in the Union where the controller or processor is established in more than one Member State; or (b) processing of personal data which takes place in the context of the activities of a single establishment of a controller or processor in the Union but which substantially affects or is likely to substantially affect data subjects in more than one Member State.

## Source

[GDPR, Article 4, point (23)](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02016R0679-20160504).


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