> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://www.mica.wtf/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://www.mica.wtf/mica/recitals/54.md).

# Recital 54

MiCA Recital 54 — Regulation (EU) 2023/1114.

|                 |                                                                                 |
| --------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| **Instrument**  | Regulation (EU) 2023/1114 (MiCA)                                                |
| **Source**      | [EUR-Lex](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32023R1114) |
| **Status**      | In force                                                                        |
| **Review rule** | Legal-text changes require human review                                         |

### (54)

In order to cover their liability against holders of asset-referenced tokens, issuers of asset-referenced tokens should constitute and maintain a [reserve of assets](https://headlesslaw.com/definitions/mica/reserve-of-assets/) matching the risks reflected in such liability. The reserve of assets should be used for the benefit of the holders of the asset-referenced tokens when the issuer is not able to fulfil its obligations towards the holders, such as in insolvency. The reserve of assets should be composed and managed in such a way that market and currency risks are covered. Issuers of asset-referenced tokens should ensure the prudent management of the reserve of assets and should, in particular, ensure that the value of the reserve amounts at least to the corresponding value of tokens in circulation and that changes in the reserve are adequately managed to avoid adverse impacts on the markets of the reserve assets. Issuers of asset-referenced tokens should therefore have clear and detailed policies that describe, inter alia, the composition of the reserve of assets, the allocation of assets included therein, a comprehensive assessment of the risks raised by the reserve assets, the procedure for the issuance and redemption of the asset-referenced tokens, the procedure to increase and decrease the reserve assets and, where the reserve assets are invested, the investment policy that is followed by the issuers. Issuers of asset-referenced tokens that are marketed both in the Union and in third countries should ensure that their reserve of assets is available to cover the issuers’ liability towards Union holders. The requirement to hold the reserve of assets with firms subject to Union law should therefore apply in proportion to the share of asset-referenced tokens that is expected to be marketed in the Union.


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