# Article 9 — Assessment and reporting

**Source:** [Regulation (EU) 2023/1113 — EUR-Lex](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32023R1113)

The payment service provider of the payee shall take into account missing or incomplete information on the payer or the payee as a factor when assessing whether a transfer of funds, or any related transaction, is suspicious and whether it is to be reported to the Financial Intelligence Unit (FIU) in accordance with Directive (EU) 2015/849.

## What this means in practice

A single sentence with a sharp consequence: **missing or incomplete payer/payee information is a factor** in the AMLD5 suspicion test. The PSP cannot treat the absence of information as irrelevant, but the EBA Travel Rule Guidelines also make clear that missing information does not, by itself, automatically create suspicion of ML/TF.


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